# Introduction The philosophy of d/acc, or defensive/decentralization/differential/democratic acceleration, was proposed by Vitalik Buterin in a November 2023 blog post titled [My techno-optimism](https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2023/11/27/techno_optimism.html). The post was a response to Marc Andreesen's [Techno-Optimist Manifesto](https://a16z.com/the-techno-optimist-manifesto/), a capstone piece of the long brewing "effective accelerationism" movement.\[1] The intention of **critical d/acc** is to investigate this philosophy with special attention to the nuances and possibilities of its component parts. This is based off of the premise that the ethical intuitions behind d/acc are *epistemically antifragile*, meaning that interrogating, deconstructing and elaborating its categories on an open basis will embolden and make stronger its core insights. In this respect, this project hopes to offer d/acc as a prefigurative instance of its own pluralistic aspirations. \ To join the discussion and contribute, join the [telegram](https://t.me/+iev-dKqdj7JiZDIx). *** \[1] Both pieces should be contextualized in an atmosphere of intellectual movements like [accelerationism](https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2016/08/what-accelerationism), [effective altruism](https://www.effectivealtruism.org), [transhumanism](https://nickbostrom.com/ethics/values), [xenofeminism](https://www.versobooks.com/products/806-the-xenofeminist-manifesto), etc., all of which seemed to have special immediacy in '22-'23 in the wake of the sudden ascendance of OpenAI with DALL-E and ChatGPT (backgrounded by the collapse of the Sam Bankman-Fried empire and the escalating persistence of the climate crisis). --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://d-acc-research-group.gitbook.io/d-acc-reading-group/introduction.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.